The glass forming process simulation models considered revolve around three coupled, principal physical problems. Press line simulation from siemens is an innovative software tool for the comprehensive programming, analysis, and simulation of multistage presses. The main problem of correctly modeling glass forming processes is the tremendous dis tortion during the forming process. Modelling and simulation for temperature distribution of. The objective of the simulation for the glass forming process is the study of the final geometry in term of glass thickness.
Combined the coupled thermomechanical analysis with the finite element method fem simulation, it was carried out to analyze the key process factors such as forming temperature, forming pressure, friction. Therefore, computer simulation models are required to gain a better understanding and improvement of glass forming processes. Pdf numerical simulation of glass forming process researchgate. The melting of glass forming batches is a complex process involving different reaction types such as dehydration reactions, crystalline inversions, solidstate reactions between. Study on hightemperature glass lens molding process. Its viscosity is strongly temperature dependent and the process involves large displacements and large strains. Filling phase of the glass rest phase first compression phase counterstep stage unsteady simulation of the twophase air and glass with a. At one point this process was typically used for wide mouth containers, but with the addition of a vacuum assist process, it can now be utilized for narrow mouth applications as well. Numerically, the physical modelling must consider a multiphase problem with three immiscible phases. Numerical modeling of viscoelastic stress relaxation during glass lens forming process. It is nearly impossible to show what really happens inside the molds during the different phases, so the numerical simulation is the only tool available in order to be able to understand.
An important process in glass manufacture is the forming of the product. Its viscosity is strongly temperature dependent and the process. The displacements u t are calculated in an euler explicit way 5 as follows. Design the facility in such a way that the glass contamination, due to contact with inlet surfaces, is minimized.
In addition, the glass industry is fairly secretive about experimental data. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Optimization of deep drawing process for circular cup forming jing han1, koetsu yamazaki2. Study on hightemperature glass lens molding process the open materials science journal, 2015, volume 9 15. Evaluation of temperature and flow pattern in a glass furnace. Successful comparison of the predicted results has been made with the experimental data. Pdf the challenge which the glass container industry has to lace is to make glass items lighter without affecting their strength. Aerodynamic web forming addresses a broad spectrum of applications for the produced nonwoven materials. Production of glass bottles requires blowing of the glass after entrance of a gob of molten glass in the blank mould. We propose here a numerical model for a threedimensional simulation of glass forming processes. Numerical modeling of viscoelastic stress relaxation during.
A modified fractional step method for the solution of the flow equations is applied. The forming process results in a coupled thermalmechanical problem with interaction between the heat transfer analysis of the temperature distribution in the glass and the viscous flow formulation describing the deformation of molten glass being a dominant factor. On the simulation of electromagnetic forming process of. Most of the early studies in glass forming involved the simulation of hollow container production. Airlay fabrics range from insulation and filter materials over automotive and mattress felts to medical and hygiene products depending on the type of entering fiber material e. In this section, a forming simulation is presented for a small bottle. Inverse design of glass forming process simulation using. The glass forming process that is studied in this paper is the blowblow process as depicted in. The model is validated and an example modeling the processes in the final blow mold of the bottle manufacturing process is proposed. The forming process takes place at high rate, involves extreme temperatures and is characterised by large deformations.
For high temperatures, the mechanical glass behaviour is assumed to be as a viscous incompressible material. Press line simulation metal forming references siemens. Oct 15, 20 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Using the most modern simulation methodologies, we optimize forming processes for our clients who require bulk forming, sheet. Pdf 3d simulation of glass forming process eric feulvarch. Machinemade glass containers and the end of production for. Novel approaches for simulating hot forming and heat treatment. In this section, the final geometry and its evolution during the process are compared. Viscoelastic stress analysis of precision aspherical glass lens forming process using finite element method anurag jain, allen y. The department of mechanical engineering, university of cincinnati, usa. This mode of deformation is found mostly on smooth bottoms of shallow parts and in hydroforming processes.
Numerical modeling of viscoelastic stress relaxation. Introduction the conventional production of lenses is a rather complicated process. Combined the coupled thermomechanical analysis with the finite element method fem simulation, it was carried out to analyze the key process factors such as forming temperature. Pdf 3d simulation of glass forming process nicolas moulin. Here, the coupling of the forming process with the heat ow is considered. Inverse design of glass forming process simulation using an. Glass forming process is a highvolume fabrication method for producing glass containers. The results in the available literature 2 are used to validate the simulation results. Pdf 3d simulation of glass forming process nicolas. The final shape of the bottle is highly dependent on the viscosity of the glass, the blowpressure and the temperature distribution in the glass and the mould and simulation of this complicated process enables optimization of the process conditions.
During simulation of blowing of the glass, the mesh has to be adapted due to the extreme. Modelling and simulation for temperature distribution of mold. Application of the finite element method to the simulation of glass forming processes is described. Pdf an important process in glass manufacture is the forming of the product. The main difficulty, however, arises because the simulation requires the knowledge of complex boundary conditions, including those caused by cooling water flow within the plunger, forcedair blowing over the glass, and the contact. Stress relaxation effect during the forming stage has been incorporated into the numerical model by using a generalized maxwell model. Modeling hightemperature glass molding process by coupling heat.
The future of glass forming technology for the manufacture of lightweight containers in striving to make lighter weight glass containers available, technologies dictate the final limit of what can be achieved. Yi department of industrial, welding and systems engineering, the ohio state university 1971 neil avenue, columbus, oh 43210, usa 1. The glass area propagation of the first blow step of the preform. Pressandblow process glass manufacturers federation 1973. Thermal and chemical behavior of glass forming batches.
Although the growing body of research in meshfree methods demonstrates the effectiveness of these. The working principle of em forming is based on application of amperes law, current. Attempts to develop the understanding of the gfa required to predict. Apegg glass container forming process animation pb. Abstract the thermal structural forming process of woven fabric composites is presented in this paper. Model of glass forming process comsol multiphysics. The future of glass forming technology for the manufacture of. The mold and plunger are also cooled to prevent any overheating by the hot glass. Numerical modelling of glass forming processes emerald insight. The propagation of the glass during the forming process can be seen in figure 4.
The forming process takes place at high rate, involves extreme. Multiphase modelling of pouring glass over the spout lip of. Machine learning approach for prediction and understanding of. Study on hightemperature glass lens molding process using. Forming process of the body of the canbottle is shown in fig. Process design is the ensemble of operations leading from the design geometry to. Numerically, the physical modelling must consider a multiphase. In this paper a general mathematical model for glass forming is derived, which is speci. Pdf mathematical modelling of glass forming processes. The simulation of glass forming is a complex thermomechanical problem.
With the recent advances in numerical simulation capabilities and computing technology, finite element method fem can be applied to. Using the automated remeshing capability, simulations of the glass bottle forming process have successfully been performed, enabling for example optimization of process settings. Advanced simulation of 3d glass bottle forming with abaqus p. Modelling of metal forming process for simulation process 185 approach strain, strainrate, stress are investigated with accuracy. Through the implementation of developing technologies in forming and related areas. V inverse design of glass forming process simulation using an optimization technique and. Abstractpressing is one of the most versatile and important manufacturing processes capable of massproducing complicated glass parts in net shape with. Industrial process for glass containers production the blow and blow forming process is divided into. The digital simulation of the entire sheetmetal stamping process permits preplanning and virtual optimization of all processes at the start of the planning phase. The model should be able to correctly represent the. The forming process results in a coupled thermalmechanical problem with. Finally, the numerical simulation of the aspherical lens forming process were simulated, the stress distribution in the lens and its influence factors were analyzed and discussed. Modeling hightemperature glass molding process by coupling.
These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days. Press line simulation metal forming references siemens global. Modeling and simulation of float glass forming process. You can also choose from ce glass forming process there are 611 suppliers who sells glass forming process on, mainly located in asia.
Modeling hightemperature glass molding process by coupling heat transfer and viscous deformation analysis jiwang yan a. Mathematical modeling of flow and heat transfer phenomena in. In 1985, the international partners for glass research, a consortium of glass container companies, commissioned the development of software capable of simulating the coupled thermo. Its viscosity is strongly temperature dependent and the. The prediction of the glass forming ability gfa by varying the composition of alloys is a challenging problem in glass physics, as well as a problem for industry, with enormous financial ramifications.
Lagrangian finite element model for the 3d simulation of. This mode is typical the material flow from the flange towards the. Machine learning approach for prediction and understanding. Process simulation and forming simulation for components. The aim of this activity is to provide the glass plants with support in machine set up and tools manufacturing, targeting the final result of a drastic time reduction when.
However, the glassforming ability gfa has not been sufficient to synthesize the bulk metallic glasses bmgs required for many engineering applications. This paper proposes a numerical approach to describe the forming of glass in the press and blow process on ls machine. At first, a drawing process analysis model is made using the finite element method, and the circular cup drawing simulation is performed. Mathematical modelling of glass forming processes springerlink. Press and blow process a plunger is inserted first, air then follows to form the gob into a parison. In a multidisciplinary approach not only the simulation of the. It was di cult to gain a clear insight into forming processes. A wide variety of glass forming process options are available to you, such as glass tempering furnace, insulating glass production line, and glass cutting machine. Feb 08, 2011 glass formed around the particle micrograph of porcelain 70 m drying and firing 3. Therefore, detailed models describing the thermal and chemical behavior of glass forming batches are required in mathematical simulation models. Advanced simulation of 3d glass bottle forming with abaquscae, aba qusstandard and abaqusexplicit. Article views are the countercompliant sum of full text article downloads since november 2008 both pdf and html across all institutions and individuals. Eindhoven university of technology master analysis of the. The glass forming process is modeled by a uid dynamics approach, which means that the forming is regarded as uid with free sur.
Structural and fluid dynamic simulation department. Advanced simulation of 3d glass bottle forming with abaqus. Numerical simulation for glass containers forming process. Manufacturing simulation glass forming marc youtube.
Multiphase modelling of pouring glass over the spout lip. Thermal structural forming simulation of carbon and glass fiber reinforced plastics composites. Modelling and simulation for temperature distribution of mold during autoclave forming process. The future of glass forming technology for the manufacture. Applying the model parametric studies and design comparisons of existing designs were done. In this paper, the mechanisms of glass forming process were analyzed. Glass forming simulation t vt u t 14 the objective of the simulation for the glass form where t is the time step which needs to be relatively small ing process is the study of the final geometry in term 6. Viscoelastic stress analysis of precision aspherical glass.
A continuous ribbon of glass moves out of the melting furnace and floats on top of the bath of molten tin. Although different empirical guides for the prediction of gfa were established over decades, a comprehensive model or approach that is able to deal with as many variables as possible. Discharged from the furnace, the glass is spouted over a lip onto the bath, where it floats and spreads out in the form of a long ribbon, leading to the flat glass forming process. This paper investigates optimum drawing process by changing circumferentially the blank holder force, to draw the circular blank into earless circular cups. Filling phase of the glass rest phase first compression phase counterstep stage unsteady simulation of the twophase air and glass with a vof omogeneous model and a conjugate heat. Using the basic philosophy of the particle finite element method pfem, we introduce several new features adapting the strategy to suit the problem of interest. Inverse design of glass forming process simulation using an optimization technique and distributed computing. Thermal structural forming simulation of carbon and glass. May 30, 2004 in this paper, a glass forming process is considered in which a gob of molten glass is dropped into a mold, pressformed by a plunger, and cooled by forcedair equipment several times until a proper condition is reached for the takeout. Gauss integrations is commonly used in galerkin based meshfree methods. Optimization of deep drawing process for circular cup forming. Department of industrial, welding and systems engineering, the ohio state university, columbus, ohio 43210.
The glass of a glass preproduct may be heated to be formed, a laser may be used that emits light having a wavelength for which the glass of the glass preproduct is at most partially transparent so that the light is at least partially absorbed in the. It is the finish that provides the momentary connection of the glass to. Geometry and stress distribution in the ribbon for different number and location of the top roller the expertise of glass forming models at schott comprises all conditioning, homogenisation and forming processes commonly used in glass industry. Machinemade glass containers and the end of production. Numerical simulation of glass bottle forming process. The glass forming process involves high temperatures, and is extremely sensitive to changes in machine timing, glass composition and environmental conditions. Reducing the adjustment complexity during the forming of glass products, such as the forming of glass tubes to obtain syringe bodies.
Machine learning approach for prediction and understanding of glassforming ability. Powder sintering after forming, the green ceramic undergoes a sintering or firing process to produce a strong final product the driving force for sintering is the reduction in surface energy of the powder particles. Metallic glasses have been established to have unique properties such as ductility, toughness, and soft magnetism with promising engineering applications. Lagrangian finite element model for the 3d simulation of glass. The system is modeled by a uid dynamics approach, which means that the forming is regarded as a uid with free surfaces. Numerical modelling of glass forming processes emerald. In sheet metal forming practice, we distinguish five basic modes of deformation. The area of glass is depicted with red and the area of air is depicted with blue. Predicted optimum composition for the glassforming. Mathematical modeling of flow and heat transfer phenomena. Simulation results obtained show good matching with experimental results.
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